串焊机：光伏组件制造的关键设备

在光伏组件的生产过程中，串焊机扮演着至关重要的角色。它是一种高度自动化的设备，专门用于将太阳能电池片进行串联焊接，形成电池串，为后续的组件组装提供基础。下面以高速BC串焊机CTM-60BC为例，详细阐述串焊机的工作原理以及重要性。

In the production process of photovoltaic modules, the stringer plays a crucial role. It is a highly automated device specifically designed for the serial welding of solar cells to form cell strings, which lays the foundation for subsequent module assembly. Taking the high-speed BC stringer CTM-60BC as an example, this article will elaborate on the working principle and significance of the stringer.

一、串焊机的工作原理

（一）自动进料

自动进料系统是串焊机的起始环节。焊带通过专用的送带机构自动输送至主机，同时，电池片通过自动进料机构被精准送入焊接系统。这一过程实现了物料的自动化供应，确保焊接过程的连续性和高效性。

The automatic feeding system is the initial stage of the stringer. The solder ribbon is automatically conveyed to the main machine through a dedicated ribbon feeding mechanism, while the solar cells are precisely fed into the welding system by the automatic feeding mechanism. This process achieves the automated supply of materials, ensuring the continuity and efficiency of the welding process.

（二）焊带处理

焊带在进入焊接环节之前，需要经过处理。焊带首先被涂抹助焊剂，助焊剂的作用是降低焊接界面的表面张力，提高焊接的润湿性和可靠性。随后，焊带被自动切断至合适的长度，以匹配电池片的尺寸，为后续的焊接做好准备。

Before entering the welding stage, the solder ribbon needs to be processed. The ribbon is first coated with flux, which reduces the surface tension at the welding interface and improves the wetting and reliability of the welding. Subsequently, the ribbon is automatically cut to the appropriate length to match the size of the solar cells, preparing for the subsequent welding.

（三）电池片预热

焊接前的预热是提高焊接质量和效率的关键步骤。电池片通过下部预热单元进行预热，预热单元通常采用加热板或热风装置，将电池片加热至设定温度。预热可以减少焊接过程中的热应力，避免因温差过大导致的电池片损坏，同时提高焊接效率。

Preheating before welding is a key step in improving welding quality and efficiency. The solar cells are preheated by the lower preheating unit, which typically uses a heating plate or a hot air device to heat the cells to the set temperature. Preheating reduces thermal stress during welding, prevents cell damage caused by excessive temperature differences, and increases welding efficiency.

（四）焊接

焊接是串焊机的核心环节。焊带与电池片在加热底板上通过热风管的高温气体或激光束的加热作用进行焊接。焊接过程中，压板施加一定的压力，使焊带与电池片紧密接触，形成牢固的焊接点。焊接温度和压力的精确控制是确保焊接质量的关键因素。

Welding is the core process of the stringer. The solder ribbon and solar cells are welded together on the heated base plate through the heating action of hot air from the hot air pipe or a laser beam. During the welding process, the pressing plate applies a certain pressure to ensure close contact between the ribbon and the cells, forming a strong weld point. Precise control of welding temperature and pressure is the key to ensuring welding quality.

（五）质量检测与收集

焊接完成后，焊接质量需要进行严格检测。串焊机配备CCD外观检测及定位系统，通过高分辨率摄像头和图像处理软件，对焊接点的外观、尺寸和位置进行检测。合格的电池串通过翻面收集机构自动收集整理，进入下一工序。

After welding is completed, the quality of the weld must be strictly inspected. The stringer is equipped with a CCD appearance inspection and positioning system, which uses high-resolution cameras and image processing software to inspect the appearance, size, and position of the weld points. Qualified cell strings are automatically collected and organized by the flip-and-collect mechanism and proceed to the next process.

二、串焊机的机械构造

（一）电池片上料系统

电池片上料系统包括料盒装载台和自动上料机构。料盒装载台用于放置电池片料盒，自动上料机构则负责将电池片有序、无损地送至焊接工位，确保物料供应的稳定性和可靠性。

The solar cell feeding system includes a cassette loading platform and an automatic feeding mechanism. The cassette loading platform is used to place the cell cassettes, while the automatic feeding mechanism is responsible for feeding the cells to the welding station in an orderly and undamaged manner, ensuring the stability and reliability of material supply.

（二）视觉识别系统

视觉识别系统是串焊机的关键部件。高分辨率摄像头配合图像处理软件，能够实时捕捉和分析电池片的位置、角度和边缘等特征。通过精确的视觉定位，确保焊接过程的高精度和高质量。

The vision recognition system is a key component of the stringer. High-resolution cameras, in conjunction with image processing software, can capture and analyze the position, angle, and edges of the solar cells in real-time. Through precise visual positioning, it ensures high precision and quality in the welding process.

（三）预热装置

预热装置通过加热元件对电池片和焊带进行预热，使焊接材料达到合适的温度，减少焊接过程中的热应力，提高焊接质量。

The preheating device uses heating elements to preheat the solar cells and solder ribbon, bringing the welding materials to an appropriate temperature to reduce thermal stress during welding and improve welding quality.

（四）焊接单元

焊接单元是串焊机的核心部件，包括焊带送进系统和平移/压紧机构。焊带送进系统能够精确控制焊带的长度和送进速度，确保焊接过程中焊带的稳定供应。平移/压紧机构则在焊接过程中施加适当的压力，保证焊带与电池片的紧密接触。

The welding unit is the core component of the stringer, including the ribbon feeding system and the shifting/pressing mechanism. The ribbon feeding system can precisely control the length and feeding speed of the solder ribbon, ensuring a stable supply of ribbon during welding. The shifting/pressing mechanism applies appropriate pressure during welding to ensure close contact between the ribbon and the solar cells.

（五）温度控制系统

温度控制系统通过精确控制焊接区域的温度，确保焊点的质量符合工艺要求，同时避免电池片因过热而受到损害。

The temperature control system precisely controls the temperature in the welding area to ensure that the quality of the weld points meets the process requirements, while preventing the solar cells from being damaged by excessive heat.

（六）冷却系统

焊接完成后，冷却系统迅速对电池片进行冷却。冷却过程不仅能够固化焊点，还能降低热应力，防止电池片因高温而产生变形或损坏。

After welding is completed, the cooling system quickly cools the solar cells. The cooling process not only solidifies the weld points but also reduces thermal stress, preventing the cells from deforming or being damaged due to high temperatures.

（七）质量检测系统

质量检测系统通常采用AOI（自动光学检测）设备。AOI设备能够在线或离线检测焊接质量和电池片的完整性，及时发现焊接缺陷，确保产品的高质量。

The quality inspection system typically uses AOI (Automatic Optical Inspection) equipment. AOI devices can inspect the welding quality and integrity of the solar cells online or offline, promptly identifying welding defects to ensure high product quality.

自动化传送系统负责将完成焊接的电池串转移到下一工序，如层压、装框等。传送系统的自动化设计提高了生产效率，减少了人工干预。

The automated transfer system is responsible for transferring the welded cell strings to the next process, such as lamination or framing. The automated design of the transfer system improves production efficiency and reduces manual intervention.

（九）工艺监控和数据分析系统

工艺监控和数据分析系统能够实时收集和分析生产过程中的大量数据，帮助优化工艺参数，提高串焊制程的稳定性和效率。

The process monitoring and data analysis system can collect and analyze a large amount of data in real-time during the production process, helping to optimize process parameters and improve the stability and efficiency of the stringing process.

三、串焊机的重要性

串焊机是光伏组件制造中不可或缺的设备。通过自动化进料、焊带处理、电池片预热、焊接、质量检测等一系列高效、精准的操作，串焊机实现了电池片的快速串联，提高了生产效率，确保了焊接质量。其复杂的机械构造和先进的控制系统，使其在光伏制造领域发挥着重要作用。随着技术的不断进步，串焊机将继续为光伏产业的高效发展提供有力支持。

The stringer is an indispensable device in the manufacturing of photovoltaic modules. Through a series of efficient and precise operations such as automated feeding, ribbon processing, cell preheating, welding, and quality inspection, the stringer achieves rapid cell stringing, improves production efficiency, and ensures welding quality. Its complex mechanical structure and advanced control system play a significant role in the photovoltaic manufacturing field. With continuous technological advancements, the stringer will continue to provide strong support for the efficient development of the photovoltaic industry.